Maha anti-conversion bill proposes 7-year jail, Rs 1 lakh fine

Maharashtra Tables Strict Anti-Conversion Legislation

The Maharashtra state assembly witnessed a significant development on Friday when the government introduced the Freedom of Religion Bill 2026, commonly referred to as the anti-conversion bill. This legislation aims to curb what authorities describe as rising incidents of forceful or fraudulent religious conversions. Under the proposed law, individuals found guilty of carrying out unlawful conversions face severe penalties, including imprisonment for up to seven years and fines ranging from Rs 1 lakh to Rs 7 lakh depending on the nature of the offense. The bill defines unlawful conversion broadly, covering acts involving allurement, coercion, deceit, force, misrepresentation, threat, undue influence, or any fraudulent means.

This move comes amid growing concerns over mass conversions and cases where vulnerable people are allegedly lured with gifts, easy money, employment promises, free education, or even marriage prospects. The government argues that such practices undermine the constitutional right to freedom of religion by infringing on free consent. If passed, the bill would declare any such conversions null and void, ensuring they hold no legal standing. Minister of State for Home Pankaj Bhoyar emphasized during the tabling that the measure balances protecting religious freedom while preventing exploitative tactics.

Key Provisions and Procedural Safeguards

One of the standout features of the bill is the mandatory prior notice requirement. Anyone intending to convert their religion or organize a conversion ceremony must submit a written notice to the district magistrate or an authorized official at least 60 days in advance. This notice triggers a public display of details, allowing objections from the public for 30 days. Both the convert and the organizer then have 21 days post-conversion to file a declaration confirming the process. Failure to comply could render the conversion invalid.

The legislation also addresses conversions linked to marriage, stating that any marriage solemnized solely for the purpose of unlawful conversion will be voided by a court upon petition from either party. Children born from such unions or relationships would inherit the mother's pre-conversion religion, with custody defaulting to her unless a court rules otherwise. Enhanced penalties apply to aggravated cases, such as those involving minors, women, persons of unsound mind, or members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, carrying seven years' jail and Rs 5 lakh fines. Mass conversions and repeat offenses could lead to even stiffer punishments, up to 10 years in prison in some reports. Offenses are cognizable and non-bailable, with investigations handled by officers of at least sub-inspector rank.

These words from Nitesh Rane, a BJP leader and minister in the Maharashtra government, highlight the political backing for the bill, which fulfills an election promise.

We had firmly stated during the assembly elections that once we come to power, we will bring a strong anti-conversion law. Today, I feel a deep sense of satisfaction that such a strong anti-conversion law has been approved by the cabinet.

Broader Context and Potential Implications

Maharashtra's push aligns with a national trend, positioning it as one of several states adopting similar laws to regulate religious conversions. Proponents view it as a shield against exploitation, particularly of marginalized communities, while critics worry it could stifle genuine religious choices and target minority faiths. The bill includes provisions for victim rehabilitation and child maintenance, underscoring a focus on protection. As it moves through the legislative houses and awaits presidential assent, debates are expected on its alignment with constitutional guarantees of religious freedom.

The economic powerhouse of India, with its vast population, could set a precedent influencing other regions. Authorities cite increasing reports of involuntary conversions as justification, pointing to instances where gullible individuals were swayed by material benefits or negative portrayals of their original faith. Religious reconversion, or ghar wapsi, remains exempt from these restrictions, a point likely to fuel discussions on equity. Police can act on complaints from blood relatives, adding a layer of family involvement in oversight.

In summary, the Maharashtra Freedom of Religion Bill 2026 introduces robust measures against unlawful conversions, mandating notices, imposing heavy penalties, and safeguarding vulnerable groups. While aimed at preserving genuine faith choices, its passage will shape the discourse on religious liberty in the state and beyond.